Demand for housing has exceeded supply for years. Yet construction output lags behind the ambitions. The causes are a stack of mutually reinforcing factors.
The bottlenecks
Long permitting and procedure times, grid congestion (no connection to the electricity network), nitrogen limits, higher building costs and interest rates, and a shortage of skilled workers. One missing link can halt an entire project.
Where is there movement?
Acceleration is sought in standardisation and industrial (prefab) building, in designating large-scale housing sites, and in shorter procedures. Conceptual and modular building enables repeatability — and therefore speed.